Infectious Disease Diagnostic Accuracy: CPV, CDV, FPV, FeLV¶
1. Scope¶
Rapid antigen/antibody detection for infectious diseases is the highest-volume application of veterinary POCT. This document summarizes the diagnostic accuracy of Migibio's core infectious-disease assays.
| Assay | Pathogen | Target | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| CPV | Canine parvovirus | VP2 antigen | Antigen |
| CDV | Canine distemper virus | Nucleoprotein antigen | Antigen |
| FPV | Feline panleukopenia virus | VP2 antigen | Antigen |
| FeLV | Feline leukemia virus | p27 antigen | Antigen |
| FIV | Feline immunodeficiency virus | Antibody | Antibody |
2. Sensitivity & Specificity (Representative)¶
| Assay | Sensitivity | Specificity | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| CPV Ag | > 95% | > 98% | High viral load in acute phase |
| CDV Ag | 85–95% | > 97% | Lower sensitivity in chronic/neurologic forms |
| FPV Ag | > 95% | > 98% | Cross-reacts with CPV (same genus) |
| FeLV Ag | > 90% | > 98% | Confirm positives (SNAP/IFA) |
| FIV Ab | > 90% | > 95% | Kittens may carry maternal Ab |
3. Interpretation Framework¶
3.1 CPV / FPV Antigen¶
- Positive in a symptomatic patient → highly consistent with infection (high viral load).
- Negative does not rule out early infection — retest if clinical suspicion is high.
3.2 CDV Antigen¶
- Best sensitivity in acute phase (respiratory/ocular secretions).
- Chronic/neurologic distemper often yields negative antigen — diagnose clinically.
3.3 FeLV Antigen / FIV Antibody¶
- A positive FeLV antigen should be confirmed with a second method before counseling euthanasia.
- FIV-positive kittens < 6 months may reflect maternal antibody — retest after 6 months.
4. POCT vs Reference Methods¶
| Pathogen | POCT (FICT) | Reference Method | Agreement |
|---|---|---|---|
| CPV | Antigen (15 min) | PCR | High (acute phase) |
| FeLV | p27 antigen | IFA / virus isolation | High |
| FIV | Antibody | Western blot | High |
5. Clinical Decision Impact¶
Rapid POCT results change management within the same visit:
- CPV positive → immediate isolation + supportive care.
- FeLV positive → vaccination/cohabitation decisions.
- FIV positive → lifestyle counseling.
References¶
- Walter-Weingärtner J, Bergmann M, et al. Overview on utility of in-house tests for detection of systemic infectious diseases in dogs. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere. 2024;52(3):161-169. PMID: 38701805
- Giselbrecht J, Jähne S, et al. Evaluation of a Revised Point-of-Care Test for the Detection of Feline Leukaemia p27 Antigen and Anti-p15E Antibodies in Cats. Viruses. 2024;16(4):553. PMID: 38675954
- Laska-Modzelewska A, Pawelczak P, et al. Comparative evaluation of nine lateral flow assays for FIV antibody detection using an in-house ELISA as a reference method. BMC Vet Res. 2026. PMID: 41572271
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Authored by: Migibio Clinical & Scientific Affairs, Guangzhou Magic Biotech Co., Ltd.
Reviewed by: Migibio R&D Quality Committee
Last updated: 2026-08-13
Disclosure: Migibio (Guangzhou Magic Biotech Co., Ltd.) is the manufacturer of the FIA680/FIA880 analyzers and FICT reagents referenced in this content. See our Editorial & Review Policy.
Contact: Martin.Wong · Phone (WhatsApp): +86 13323237275 · Email: [email protected]